Annals of Medical Physiology

Article review: Present Perspectives of Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy

2022-01-03T11:10:17+0530

Abstract:

Graves' disease causes inflammatory hyperthyroidism in around 80% of hyperthyroidism cases in women of reproductive age. The hormonal changes in the maternal immune system after birth may be linked to the production and expression of diabetes other than gestational and early-onset diabetes. As a result, in addition to hormonal influences, other anatomical modifications or abnormalities seen in the body during pregnancy will affect the pregnancy test. Thyroid hormones are critical for a woman's health and the commencement of her pregnancy. These hormones are essential for early development and play a crucial role in the fetus's continued growth after conception. Women with untreated or improperly controlled hyperthyroidism are more likely to have complications during pregnancy. Future diseases, particularly those that produce a large number of fetuses due to IUGRTH. The treatment of hyperthyroid pregnant women is extremely difficult, and medical staff engagement is required to guarantee that it is properly monitored and treated. Anti-thyroid drugs are commonly administered to pregnant women, and it is the medication of choice for the majority of them (ATDs). Despite the fact that both of these drugs are passed through the mother's bloodstream to the fetus, they are highly effective in the treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism. Nonetheless, they must exercise caution throughout the second half of pregnancy due to the risk of fetopathy. The most common side effect, except in the first trimesters from weeks 6 to 10, is fetal abnormalities; even with that proviso, the incidence of birth malformations is significant during the first trimester with the use of ATDs. The management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is divided into four areas that obstetricians are currently concerned about: Its aetiology, occurrence, correct identification, under treatment, complications, and actual or missed diagnosis and intervention, and lastly, the technique of dealing with the problem are all factors to consider.

Hormonal and Hematological Imbalance and Female Infertility

2021-12-26T01:11:33+0530

Poly cystic ovary synrdome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder among women of the reproductive stage. The current study was conducted to evaluate some hormonal and hematological alterations in patients with poly cystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), BMI or the body mass index was determined for all women, serum hormones (SHBG), Estradiol ,DHEAs , Leptin ,Inhibin-B, were measured, and hematological changes include PAI-1 activity, fibrinogen and t-PA antigen also measured. The results of the present study showed, there were significant increase (p<0.05) in BM, DHEAs, Leptin , Inhibin-B , PAI-1 ,fibrinogen and t-PA antigen in PCOS women compared with the control group, but asignificant decrease (p>0.05) in SHBG and E₂ .

Effect of aspirin administration on body weight and liver enzymes in male rats

2021-11-25T03:52:38+0530

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of aspirin on body weight and some liver enzyme in rats. The study was done in Veterinary Medicine College, Baghdad University. We used seventy two male rats and randomly divided into three groups (24 in each group). Group-1 was considered as control, Group-2 animals were treated by 40 mg/kg body weight (low-dose) of asprin and the Group-3 was treated by 100 mg/kg body weight (high-dose) of aspirin. The results showed no significant difference in bodyweight gain from 0 to 10 days in all groups, while the low and high-dose asprin treated rats showed decline in bodyweight gain on day 20 and day 30 of aspirin treatment. The liver enzymes, AST and ALT, increased significantly in high-dose of aspirin treated group on day 20 and 30 while the ALP was increased on all time-points in high-dose asprin treated group.

A Correlation Study of some socio-demographic factors, gender, age, body mass index and some cardiovascular parameters of hypertensive subjects in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria.

2021-10-28T16:16:35+0530

Hypertension is defined as a sustained elevated arterial pressure to a level that places the patient at increased risk of organ damage. It is a non-communicable disease which constitutes a public health importance. Its risk factors include age, high salt intake, excessive alcohol consumption and stress. This study was performed to determine the correlation between some socio-demographic factors, Gender, Age, Body Mass Index and some cardiovascular parameters of Hypertensive patients in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.The study was carried out with 400 hypertensive subjects, whose blood pressures were determined using palpatory and auscultatory methods. The Gender, Age and Body Mass Index of the subjects were also determined. Statistical analysis was done using Z-statistics. There was found a significant positive relationship between the age and cardiovascular parameters. Gender and BMI were found to have an insignificant positive correlation with the cardiovascular parameters. The study demonstrated that body mass index, age and gender are closely associated with cardiovascular parameters, though the degree of correlation differed. The risk of hypertension is therefore expected to be higher among the aged and populations who are overweight or obese.

Correlation study of socio-demographic factors like gender, age, body mass index and some cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive subjects of Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria

2021-08-26T14:21:17+0530

Hypertension is defined as a sustained elevated arterial pressure to a level that places the patient at increased risk of organ damage. It is a non-communicable disease which constitutes a public health importance. Its risk factors include advancing age, high salt intake, excessive alcohol consumption and stress. This study was performed to determine the correlation between some socio-demographic factors like gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and some cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study was carried out with 400 hypertensive subjects, whose blood pressures were determined using palpatory and auscultatory methods. The gender, age and body mass index of the subjects were also determined. Statistical analysis was done using Z-statistics. We found a significant positive relationship between the age and cardiovascular parameters. Gender and BMI were found to have an insignificant positive correlation with the cardiovascular parameters. The study demonstrated that body mass index, age and gender are closely associated with cardiovascular parameters, though the degree of correlation differed. The risk of hypertension is therefore expected to be higher among the aged and populations who are overweight or obese.

Perception of data quality and electronic health information system acceptance, reliability and satisfaction: A study at tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

2021-04-24T15:26:03+0530

Electronic health information systems (EHIS) are considered a backbone for healthcare planning and quality services. This study was designed to explore the acceptance, reliability, and satisfaction of the end users' experience with the hospital electronic health information system. We also investigated the perception of data quality by the users who were directly involved in data entry. We conducted a questionnaire based cross-sectional survey to collect quantitative data from different EHIS users. The questionnaire contained six sections: demographic user information; general HIS assessment; accessibility and availability of computer terminals in the hospital; EHIS and the patient care; user satisfaction with the HIS and perception of data quality. Desktop computers were available throughout the hospital, but the hospital was lacking handheld computers or computers on wheels. Participants of the study were satisfied with the data entry and retrieval process but they were lacking job training related to troubleshooting. EHIS users were not aware and prepared for the downtime of the system and procedures were also not clear to them. Regarding the perception of data quality, most of the participants responded that data is of adequate quality. There is a need for proper technical support and enhance the hospital's networking speed for better response. Laptops and hand-held computers are the need of time for data entry in critical situations and during wards visit. This can also enhance the quality of data, and reduce the chances of data loss.

How calyx juice of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) affects human platelet count

2021-01-25T22:08:05+0530

“Zobo” is a popular local soft drink; made from the dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa; widely consumed across towns, cities and cultures in Nigeria. A lot of health benefits have been attributed to this drink, some of which include anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and antianemic effect. However, little is known on the effect of this refreshing drink on the human platelet count. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of the Calx juice of Hibiscus sabdariffa “Zobo” on the platelet level on young adult, who make up the demography that consume the drink a lot. For the purpose of this study, the researches employed the local method of preparing the “Zobo” drink and 50 (24 females and 26 males) subjects, randomly selected, voluntarily participated in the study. The study lasted for a period of 14 days and samples were collected from subjects before and after the 14th day of taking 500ml of “Zobo” drink. Platelet count was determined in collected samples and the data obtained analyzed with paired sample T-test using SPSS (version 20). The result shows that there is a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the posttest (162.72 ± 0.428×109/l) when compared to the pretest was (262.7 ± 0.371×109/l) in male subjects. For the Female group, the result also shows that there is a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the posttest (204.30 ± 0.583×109/l) when compared with the pretest (258.20 ± 0.472×109/l). Conclusion was therefore reached that juice made from the dried calyces of hibiscus sabdriffa reduces the platelet count of participants in this study.

Evaluation of renal functions tests among Sudanese healthy pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at The National Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum State in 2019

2020-12-29T21:57:19+0530

Pregnancy involves remarkable physiological changes and the functional impact of pregnancy on the kidney physiology is widespread involving practically all aspects of kidney functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal functions in Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies during different trimesters. A cross sectional study was carried out during July to October 2019 on Sudanese healthy pregnant ladies attending antenatal care at the National Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum State. The study covered 60 healthy pregnant ladies (20 for each trimester). The purpose of the study was explained to all participants and they were assessed after taking their consent. Blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) were measured by standard techniques. A sample of five ml venous blood was taken in a suitable blood container for measurement of urea and creatinine using a fully automated Mindray BS-300 Chemistry Analyzer (Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China). The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), t-test was used to compare the statistical significant (p value ? 0.05 was considered statistical significant). The mean age of participants was 26.6±5.3 years with the range of 18-37 years. The mean BMI was 25.7±3.6 with the range of 18-31. The mean urea in the first, second and third trimester was 13.4, 13.9 and 13.2 mg/dl respectively with no statistically significant variation. The mean creatinine in the first, second and third trimester was 0.6, 0.6 and 0.5 mg/dl respectively with no statistically significant variation. To conclude, there was no significant variation of serum urea and creatinine during three trimesters of pregnancy in healthy pregnant women.

Emergence of MIS-C in COVID-19 pandemic

2020-12-29T21:21:26+0530

Dyslipidemia is the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

2020-07-15T07:49:31+0530

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases after menopause and may be due to changes in the plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels that occur following menopausal transition. Physiological estrogen withdrawal during menopause plays a major role in abnormal lipid metabolism such as elevated low-density lipoprotein concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dyslipidemia and the causative factors of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, 290 postmenopausal Sudanese women were included. Lipid profiles were measured by spectrophotometer, estrogen hormone determined by ELISA, insulin resistance determined by HOMA-2 calculator and lipid accumulation product was calculated by the following equation (waist circumference in cm X triglyceride concentration in mM). The results revealed that total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein levels and very low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in the postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MS) in comparison to those without the MS. Elevated total cholesterol levels were seen in 51.7 %, elevated triglycerides were seen in 49.7% and elevated low-density lipoprotein levels were seen in 29.3% whereas reduced high density lipoprotein levels were seen in 16.89% of the postmenopausal women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein values showed a significant positive correlation with insulin resistance and lipid accumulation and a significant negative correlation with the estrogen hormone level. In addition, high density lipoproteins showed a significant negative correlation with lipid accumulation levels.